Conceptually, Protocol Tunneling creates a 'pipe' with one protocol and uses it to send data in another protocol.

If both devices can speak and understand the same protocol, a connection can be established. When devices talk to one another, they do so using a protocol.

When a device is connected to a USB4 port, USB PD negotiates a 'contract' to deliver power, safely supplying up to 100 W (5A/20V). USB4 dynamically allocates bandwidth to video and data based on actual needs.ġ00 Watt Charging: All USB4 devices support USB Power Delivery. Video and Data Bandwidth Optimization: USB 3.2 allocated fixed bandwidth to data or video or, in DP Alt Mode, gave 100% to video. DisplayPort and Thunderbolt 3 are also supported via Alt Mode.īackward compatibility with USB 3.2, USB 2.0 and Thunderbolt 3: USB4 maintains compatibility with previous versions of the USB specification and, thanks to its Thunderbolt 3 foundation, supports TB3 Alt Mode too. Multiple Data and Display Protocols: USB4 supports USB 3.2, PCIe and DisplayPort 1.4a through a technique called protocol tunneling. They can optionally support 40 Gbps (4.8 GB/sec) if they use the shorter 0.8 meter Gen 3 cable. Up to 40Gbps Data Transfer Rate: USB4 devices are required to support 20 Gbps (2.4 GB/sec).

The USB4 protocol requires a USB-C to USB-C cable. USB 4 (officially 'USB4' without the space) is an important update, not only for the new capabilities it offers but because it helps to resolve the confusion over USB 3.x naming and, for the most part, it gives users a predictable and consistent experience. For storage arrays and clusters, the transfer rate takes into consideration the network connectivity between each node of the cluster, so the transfer rate serves as the throughput of the system. The transfer rate for disks is dependent on the speed of the disk rotation and on the accuracy of the read/write head, whereas for solid state drives, the transfer rate depends on the efficiency of the flash technology. This metric is also used for technologies that deal with storing data exclusively, such as disks and disk arrays and clusters. Newer technologies such as 4G and LTE have better data transfer rates compared to older ones (e.g., 3G and 2G). Transfer rate is often related to data, as in data transfer rate (DTR), which is often tied to a specific technology such as the kind of network and communication infrastructure being used.

Usb 3 transfer rate calculator